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Starter Guide - Read and Write Data

Starter Guide - Read and Write Data ​

This guide will show you how to set up an app server with our app bundle. You will learn how to read and write data to the Shopware Admin API using an example of fetching dynamic translations for products when they are updated.

Prerequisites ​

  • Basic CLI usage (creating files, directories, running commands)
  • Installed shopware-cli tools
  • Installed symfony-cli
  • A running MariaDB or MySQL accessible to your development machine

Setting up the app template ​

First, we need to create a new Symfony project using Symfony-CLI

sh
symfony new translator-app

The app template contains a basic Symfony application.

Now we need to install the Shopware App Bundle with Composer:

sh
composer require shopware/app-bundle

WARNING

Make sure that you agree to second interaction of the bundle recipe. It will add your routing, register the bundle, and more. If you do not agree to it, you will have to create those manually (check files here)

shell
-  WARNING  shopware/app-bundle (>=1.0): From github.com/symfony/recipes-contrib:main
   The recipe for this package comes from the "contrib" repository, which is open to community contributions.
   Review the recipe at https://github.com/symfony/recipes-contrib/tree/main/shopware/app-bundle/1.0

    Do you want to execute this recipe?
    [y] Yes
    [n] No
    [a] Yes for all packages, only for the current installation session
    [p] Yes permanently, never ask again for this project
    (defaults to n): n

Modify the SHOPWARE_APP_NAME and SHOPWARE_APP_SECRET in the env to your app name./.env to ensure you can install the app in a store later. Also, configure the DATABASE_URL to point to your database:

sh
// .env
....

###> shopware/app-bundle ###
SHOPWARE_APP_NAME=TestApp
SHOPWARE_APP_SECRET=TestSecret
###< shopware/app-bundle ###

You can now start the application with symfony server:start -v.

For now, your app server is currently only available locally.

INFO

When you are using a local Shopware environment, you can skip to the next chapter

We need to expose your local app server to the internet. The easiest way to achieve that is using a tunneling service like ngrok.

The setup is as simple as calling the following command (after installing ngrok)

sh
ngrok http 8000

This will expose your Symfony server on a public URL, so the cloud store can communicate with your app.

Creating the manifest ​

The manifest.xml is the main interface definition between stores and your app server. It contains all the required information about your app. Let's start by filling in all the meta-information:

xml
// release/manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<manifest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shopware/shopware/master/src/Core/Framework/App/Manifest/Schema/manifest-2.0.xsd">
    <meta>
        <name>product-translator</name>
        <label>Product translator</label>
        <description>App to translate product descriptions</description>
        <author>shopware AG</author>
        <copyright>(c) by shopware AG</copyright>
        <version>0.1.0</version>
        <license>MIT</license>
    </meta>
   </manifest>

WARNING

Take care to use the same <name> as in the .env file. Otherwise, stores can't install the app.

Setup hook ​

Next, we will define the <setup> part of the manifest. This part describes how the store will connect itself with the app server.

xml
// release/manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<manifest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shopware/shopware/master/src/Core/Framework/App/Manifest/Schema/manifest-2.0.xsd">
    <meta>
    <!-- ... -->
    </meta>
    <setup>
        <registrationUrl>http://localhost:8000/app/lifecycle/register</registrationUrl>
        <secret>TestSecret</secret>
    </setup>
</manifest>

The <registraionUrl> is already implemented by the app template and is always /app/lifecycle/register, unless you modify config/routes/shopware_app.yaml. The <secret> element is only present in development versions of the app. In production, the extension store will provide the secret to authenticate your app buyers.

Permissions ​

The manifest needs permissions as this app will read product descriptions and translate them:

xml
// release/manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<manifest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shopware/shopware/master/src/Core/Framework/App/Manifest/Schema/manifest-2.0.xsd">
    <meta>
    <!-- ... -->
    </meta>
    <setup>
    <!-- ... -->
    </setup>
    <permissions>
        <read>product</read>
        <read>product_translation</read>
        <read>language</read>
        <read>locale</read>
        <update>product</update>
        <update>product_translation</update>
        <create>product_translation</create>
    </permissions>
</manifest>

Webhooks ​

Finally, your app needs to be notified every time a product description is modified. The app system provides webhooks to subscribe your app server to any changes in the data in its shops:

xml
// release/manifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<manifest xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/shopware/shopware/master/src/Core/Framework/App/Manifest/Schema/manifest-2.0.xsd">
    <meta>
    <!-- ... -->
    </meta>
    <setup>
    <!-- ... -->
    </setup>
    <permissions>
    <!-- ... -->
    </permissions>
    <webhooks>
        <webhook name="appActivated" url="http://localhost:8000/app/lifecycle/activate" event="app.activated"/>
        <webhook name="appDeactivated" url="http://localhost:8000/app/lifecycle/deactivate" event="app.deactivated"/>
        <webhook name="appDeleted" url="http://localhost:8000/app/lifecycle/delete" event="app.deleted"/>
        <webhook name="productWritten" url="http://localhost:8000/app/webhook" event="product.written"/>
    </webhooks>
</manifest>

INFO

The timeout for the requests against the app server is 5 seconds.

The App Bundle provides these four webhooks, so the Bundle does the complete lifecycle and handling of Webhooks for you.

Handling shop events ​

To get started, let's write a simple Symfony event listener:

php
// src/EventListener/ProductWrittenWebhookListener.php
#[AsEventListener(event: 'webhook.product.written')]
class ProductWrittenWebhookListener
{
    public function __construct(private readonly ClientFactory $clientFactory, private readonly LoggerInterface $logger)
    {
    }

    public function __invoke(WebhookAction $action): void
    {
    }
}

Creating a shop client ​

The Bundle verifies for you the Request and provides you the Webhook parsed together with the Shop it has requested it. With the Shop, we can create a pre-authenticated PSR-18 Client to communicate with the Shop. In this example, we will use the SimpleHttpClient which simples the usage of the PSR-18 Client.

php
// src/EventListener/ProductWrittenWebhookListener.php
    public function __invoke(WebhookAction $action): void
    {
        $client = $this->clientFactory->createSimpleClient($action->shop);
    }

Now we can inspect the event payload:

php
// src/EventListener/ProductWrittenWebhookListener.php
    public function __invoke(WebhookAction $action): void
    {
        //...

        $updatedFields = $action->payload[0]['updatedFields'];
        $id = $action->payload[0]['primaryKey'];

        if (!in_array('description', $updatedFields)) {
            return;
        }
    }

Fetching data from the shop ​

All $entity.written events contain a list of fields that a written event has changed. The code above uses this information to determine if someone changed the description of a product. If the change does not affect the description, the listener early returns because there is nothing else to do with this event.

Now that it is certain that someone changed the description of the product, we fetch the description through the API of the shop:

php
// src/EventListener/ProductWrittenWebhookListener.php
    public function __invoke(WebhookAction $action): void
    {
        //...
        $response = $client->post(
            sprintf('%s/api/search/product', $action->shop->getShopUrl()),
            [
                'ids' => [$id],
                'associations' => [
                    'translations' => [
                        'associations' => [
                            'language' => [
                                'associations' => [
                                    'locale' => []
                                ]
                            ],
                        ]
                    ],
                ]
            ]
        );
        
        if (!$response->ok()) {
            $this->logger->error('Could not fetch product', ['response' => $response->json()]);
            return;
        }
    }

The request contains a criteria that fetches the product for which we received the event 'ids' => [$id] and all translations and their associated languages 'associations' => 'language'. Now we can retrieve the English description from the API response:

php
// src/EventListener/ProductWrittenWebhookListener.php
    public function __invoke(WebhookAction $action): void
    {
        //...
        $product = $response->json()['data'][0];
        $description = '';
        $name = '';
        foreach ($product['translations'] as $translation) {
            if ($translation['language']['locale']['code'] === 'en-GB') {
                $description = $translation['description'];
                $name = $translation['name'];
            }
        }
    }

INFO

A common gotcha with entity.written webhooks is that they trigger themselves when you're performing write operations. Updating the description triggers another entity.written event. This again calls the webhook, which updates the description, and so on.

Because our goal is to write a French translation of the product, the app needs to take care to avoid endless loops. To determine if the app has already written a translation once, it saves a hash of the original description. We will get to the generation of the hash later, but we need to check it first:

php
// src/EventListener/ProductWrittenWebhookListener.php
    public function __invoke(WebhookAction $action): void
    {
        //...
        $lastHash = $product['customFields']['translator-last-translation-hash'] ?? '';
        if (md5($description) === $lastHash) {
            return;
        }
    }

Writing a translated description ​

Now that the app can be sure, the description has not been translated before it can write the new description like so:

php
// src/EventListener/ProductWrittenWebhookListener.php
    public function __invoke(WebhookAction $action): void
    {
        //...
        $response = $client->patch(sprintf('%s/api/product/%s', $action->shop->getShopUrl(), $id), [
            'translations' => [
                'en-GB' => [
                    'name' => $name,
                    'description' => $this->translate($description)
                ],
            ],
            'customFields' => [
                'translator-last-translation-hash' => md5($description)
            ]
        ]);

        if (!$response->ok()) {
            $this->logger->error('Could not update product', ['response' => $response->json()]);
        }
    }

Note that the hash of the original description gets saved as a value in the custom fields of the product entity. This is possible without any further config since all custom fields are schema-less.

The implementation of the translate method is disregarded in this example. You might perform an additional lookup through a translation API service to implement it.

Complete Event Listener ​

php
<?php declare(strict_types=1);

namespace App\EventListener;

use Shopware\App\SDK\HttpClient\ClientFactory;
use Symfony\Component\EventDispatcher\Attribute\AsEventListener;
use Shopware\App\SDK\Context\Webhook\WebhookAction;
use Psr\Log\LoggerInterface;

#[AsEventListener(event: 'webhook.product.written')]
class ProductUpdatedListener
{
    public function __construct(private readonly ClientFactory $clientFactory, private readonly LoggerInterface $logger)
    {
    }

    public function __invoke(WebhookAction $action): void
    {
        $client = $this->clientFactory->createSimpleClient($action->shop);

        $updatedFields = $action->payload[0]['updatedFields'];
        $id = $action->payload[0]['primaryKey'];

        if (!in_array('description', $updatedFields)) {
            return;
        }

        $response = $client->post(
            sprintf('%s/api/search/product', $action->shop->getShopUrl()),
            [
                'ids' => [$id],
                'associations' => [
                    'translations' => [
                        'associations' => [
                            'language' => [
                                'associations' => [
                                    'locale' => []
                                ]
                            ],
                        ]
                    ],
                ]
            ]
        );
        if (!$response->ok()) {
            $this->logger->error('Could not fetch product', ['response' => $response->json()]);
            return;
        }

        $product = $response->json()['data'][0];
        $description = '';
        $name = '';
        foreach ($product['translations'] as $translation) {
            if ($translation['language']['locale']['code'] === 'en-GB') {
                $description = $translation['description'];
                $name = $translation['name'];
            }
        }

        $lastHash = $product['customFields']['translator-last-translation-hash'] ?? '';
        if (md5($description) === $lastHash) {
            return;
        }

        $response = $client->patch(sprintf('%s/api/product/%s', $action->shop->getShopUrl(), $id), [
            'translations' => [
                'en-GB' => [
                    'name' => $name,
                    'description' => 'Test English'
                    //'description' => $this->translate($description)
                ],
            ],
            'customFields' => [
                'translator-last-translation-hash' => md5($description)
            ]
        ]);

        if (!$response->ok()) {
            $this->logger->error('Could not update product', ['response' => $response->json()]);
        }
    }
}

Connecting Doctrine to a Database ​

The App Bundle ships with a basic Shop entity to store the shop information. You can extend this entity to store more information about your app if needed.

Symfony configures doctrine to use PostgreSQL by default. Change the DATABASE_URL environment variable in your .env file if you want to use MySQL. You can also use SQLite by setting the DATABASE_URL to sqlite:///%kernel.project_dir%/var/app.db for development.

After choosing your database engine, you need to require two extra composer packages.

shell
composer req symfony/maker-bundle migrations

And create your first migration using bin/console make:migration (which is using the AbstractShop Class) and apply it to your database with bin/console doctrine:migrations:migrate.

Install the app ​

In this last step, we will install the app using the Shopware CLI tools.

INFO

If this is your first time using the Shopware CLI, you have to install it first. Next, configure it using the shopware-cli project config init command.

sh
shopware-cli project extension upload ProductTranslator/release --activate --increase-version

This command will create a zip file from the specified extension directory and upload it to your configured store. The --increase-version parameter increases the version specified in the manifest.xml file. The app requires this flag so Shopware picks up changes made to the manifest.xml since the last installation. Once successfully installed, you will see the app in the extension manager. And when you save a product, the description will automatically update.

Where to continue ​

In this example, you have learned how to receive events and modify data through the app system. You can also:

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